Robotics System Toolbox中的机器人运动 (3)_人工智能

1、前记：

在这篇博文之前，已经对RST中机器人的运动方式有了初步的尝试，如 Robotics System Toolbox中的机器人运动(1)和Robotics System Toolbox中的机器人运动(2)—圆的轨迹跟踪。

正运动方式—>单独控制各关节运动，被控对象—>各个单独关节，控制方式—>各关节变量驱动单轴；

逆运动方式—>控制所有关节协调运动以实现末端姿态，被控对象—>所有关节，控制方式—>所有关节变量协调驱动各关节。

2、在正式开始使用工具箱逆解函数ik（robotics system toolbox）之前，回顾ikine（robotics toolbox 9.10函数）的直线运动。

代码和动图如下：


clc;

clear;

%建立机器人模型

%       theta    d        a        alpha     offset

L1=Link([0       0.4      0.025    pi/2      0     ]); %定义连杆的D-H参数

L2=Link([pi/2    0        0.56     0         0     ]);

L3=Link([0       0        0.035    pi/2      0     ]);

L4=Link([0       0.515    0        pi/2      0     ]);

L5=Link([pi      0        0        pi/2      0     ]);

L6=Link([0       0.08     0        0         0     ]);

robot=SerialLink([L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6],'name','Seize the day'); %连接连杆，机器人取名Seize the day

T1=transl(0.5,0,0);%根据给定起始点，得到起始点位姿

T2=transl(0,0.5,0.5);%根据给定终止点，得到终止点位姿

T=ctraj(T1,T2,50);%组成50个点构成笛卡尔轨迹

Tj=transl(T);%取50个位姿点的空间位置坐标x,y,z

plot3(Tj(:,1),Tj(:,2),Tj(:,3));%输出末端轨迹

grid on;

q=robot.ikine(T);%调用ikine得到各关节角度的配置以实现末端位置

hold on

robot.plot(q);%动画演示

3、利用IK和Curve Fitting Toolbox的直线轨迹运动。


%% Waypoint tracking demonstration using Robotics System Toolbox

% This demonstration performs inverse kinematics of a

% robot manipulator to follow a desired set of waypoints.

% Copyright 2017-2018 The MathWorks, Inc.

%% Load and display robot导入机器人

clear

clc

robot = importrobot('irb_140.urdf');

axes = show(robot);

axes.CameraPositionMode = 'auto';

%% Create a set of desired wayPoints设置点位

wayPoints = [0.5 -0.4 0.6;0.5 0.2 0.6]; % Alternate set of wayPoints

%wayPoints = [0.2 -0.2 0.02;0.15 0 0.28;0.15 0.05 0.2; 0.15 0.09 0.15;0.1 0.12 0.1; 0.04 0.1 0.2;0.25 0 0.15; 0.2 0.2 0.02];

exampleHelperPlotWaypoints(wayPoints);

%% Create a smooth curve from the waypoints to serve as trajectory

trajectory = cscvn(wayPoints');%在点之间创建轨迹

% Plot trajectory spline and waypoints

hold on

fnplt(trajectory,'r',2);

 

%% Perform Inverse Kinematics for a point in space

% Add end effector frame, offset from the grip link frame逆运动求解各关节配置

eeOffset = 0.01;

eeBody = robotics.RigidBody('end_effector');

setFixedTransform(eeBody.Joint,trvec2tform([eeOffset 0 0]));

addBody(robot,eeBody,'link_6');

ik = robotics.InverseKinematics('RigidBodyTree',robot);

weights = [0.1 0.1 0 1 1 1];

initialguess = robot.homeConfiguration;

% Calculate the inverse kinematic solution using the "ik" solver 

% Use desired weights for solution (First three are orientation, last three are translation)

% Since it is a 4-DOF robot with only one revolute joint in Z we do not

% put a weight on Z rotation; otherwise it limits the solution space

numTotalPoints =40;

% Evaluate trajectory to create a vector of end-effector positions

eePositions = ppval(trajectory,linspace(0,trajectory.breaks(end),numTotalPoints));

% Call inverse kinematics solver for every end-effector position using the

% previous configuration as initial guess

for idx = 1:size(eePositions,2)

    tform = trvec2tform(eePositions(:,idx)');

    configSoln(idx,:) = ik('end_effector',tform,weights,initialguess);

    initialguess = configSoln(idx,:);

end

%% Visualize robot configurations动画显示

title('Robot waypoint tracking visualization')

hold on

axis([-0.6 0.8 -0.6 0.65 0 1.3]);

for idx = 1:size(eePositions,2)

    show(robot,configSoln(idx,:), 'PreservePlot', false,'Frames','off');

    pause(0.1)

end